1. Editorial Independence · 編輯獨立

Editorial decisions are based exclusively on the scholarly quality, originality, methodological soundness, clarity, ethical integrity, and relevance of a manuscript to the journal’s scope.

編輯決定僅依據稿件之學術品質、原創性、方法嚴謹性、表達清晰度、倫理完整性及與本刊宗旨之相關性作出。

Decisions must not be influenced by the author’s nationality, ethnicity, gender, religious belief, political opinion, institutional affiliation, professional position, or personal relationship with members of the journal.

作者之國籍、族群、性別、宗教信仰、政治觀點、機構隸屬、專業職位或與本刊成員之私人關係，不得影響編輯決定。

2. Publication Ethics · 出版倫理

The journal is committed to internationally recognized principles of publication ethics, research integrity, transparency, accountability, and fair editorial practice.

本刊遵循國際公認之出版倫理、研究誠信、透明度、責任原則及公平編輯實務。

Authors, reviewers, editors, and editorial board members are expected to act honestly, professionally, confidentially, and without improper influence throughout the publication process.

作者、審查人、編輯及編輯委員會成員在整個出版過程中均應保持誠實、專業與保密，並避免任何不當影響。

3. Originality and Prior Publication · 原創性與先前出版

Submitted manuscripts must constitute original scholarly work. They must not have been published previously in substantially the same form and must not be under consideration by another journal or publisher.

投稿稿件必須屬於原創學術成果，不得曾以實質相同之形式出版，亦不得同時接受其他期刊或出版社審查。

Authors must disclose any earlier version distributed as a preprint, working paper, thesis chapter, institutional report, conference paper, or online publication.

如稿件之早期版本曾以預印本、工作論文、學位論文章節、機構報告、會議論文或網路出版物之形式公開，作者必須主動揭露。

4. Plagiarism and Textual Overlap · 抄襲與文字重疊

Plagiarism includes the unattributed use of another person’s words, arguments, ideas, translations, data, images, tables, research materials, or distinctive expressions.

抄襲包括未經適當引註而使用他人之文字、論點、思想、翻譯、資料、圖片、表格、研究材料或具有辨識性之表述。

Reusing substantial portions of an author’s own published work without disclosure and appropriate citation may constitute duplicate publication or self-plagiarism.

作者如未經揭露及適當引用而大量重複使用自己已出版之內容，可能構成重複出版或自我抄襲。

Manuscripts may be examined with similarity-detection software. A numerical similarity score alone does not establish misconduct; editors evaluate the nature, source, extent, and context of any overlap.

本刊得使用文字相似度檢測系統審查稿件。相似度百分比本身並不直接等同於學術不當行為，編輯將依據重疊內容之性質、來源、程度及語境作出判斷。

5. Authorship and Contributor Responsibility · 作者資格與貢獻責任

Authorship is limited to individuals who have made a substantial contribution to the conception, design, research, analysis, interpretation, or writing of the manuscript.

作者資格僅限於對研究構想、設計、資料蒐集、分析、詮釋或稿件撰寫作出實質貢獻之人士。

All authors must approve the submitted version, agree to the order in which their names appear, and accept responsibility for the integrity of the work.

所有作者均須核准投稿版本、同意作者姓名排列順序，並對研究內容之完整性承擔責任。

Guest authorship, honorary authorship, ghost authorship, purchased authorship, and the unjustified exclusion of qualified contributors are prohibited.

掛名作者、榮譽作者、幽靈作者、買賣作者資格，以及無正當理由排除具實質貢獻者，均不被允許。

6. Changes in Authorship · 作者名單變更

Requests to add, remove, or rearrange authors must be submitted in writing and must include a clear explanation and the written consent of all listed and affected authors.

新增、刪除或變更作者順序之申請，必須以書面提出，說明具體理由，並取得所有現有及受影響作者之書面同意。

Authorship changes are not normally permitted after final acceptance unless exceptional circumstances are demonstrated and verified by the editorial office.

稿件正式錄用後原則上不得變更作者名單，除非存在特殊情況，且經編輯部審查確認。

7. Conflicts of Interest · 利益衝突

Authors, reviewers, and editors must disclose financial, institutional, professional, intellectual, academic, or personal relationships that may influence or reasonably appear to influence their judgment.

作者、審查人及編輯必須揭露可能影響或被合理認為可能影響其判斷之財務、機構、專業、學術、思想或個人關係。

The existence of a conflict does not automatically prevent publication or participation in review; however, it must be disclosed so that the editors can determine the appropriate action.

利益衝突之存在並不必然排除出版或參與審查，但必須充分揭露，以便編輯決定適當處理方式。

8. Funding Disclosure · 研究經費揭露

Authors must identify all organizations that provided financial, institutional, or material support for the research and publication of the manuscript.

作者必須說明對研究或稿件出版提供財務、機構或物質支持之所有組織。

The funding statement should include the funder’s official name, grant number where applicable, and any role played by the funder in the research process.

經費聲明應包括資助機構之正式名稱、適用之計畫編號，以及資助者在研究過程中所扮演之角色。

9. Human Participants, Privacy, and Consent · 研究參與者、隱私與同意

Research involving human participants, interviews, personal records, private correspondence, or identifiable personal information must comply with applicable ethical and legal requirements.

涉及人類研究參與者、訪談、個人紀錄、私人通信或可識別個人資料之研究，必須符合適用之倫理及法律要求。

Authors must obtain informed consent where required and protect the privacy, confidentiality, dignity, and rights of participants.

在適用情況下，作者必須取得知情同意，並保障研究參與者之隱私、保密、尊嚴及權利。

Where institutional ethics approval was required, the approving institution, approval number, and relevant date should be stated in the manuscript.
如研究須經機構倫理審查，稿件中應列明核准機構、審查編號及相關日期。

10. Copyright and Permissions · 著作權與授權

Authors are responsible for ensuring that submitted material does not infringe the copyright, privacy, confidentiality, or other legal rights of third parties.

作者有責任確保投稿內容不侵犯第三方之著作權、隱私權、保密權或其他合法權利。

Written permission must be obtained before reproducing copyrighted photographs, figures, tables, maps, archival records, translations, or extensive quotations.

重製受著作權保護之照片、圖片、表格、地圖、檔案紀錄、譯文或大段引文前，作者必須取得書面授權。

11. Peer-Review Policy · 同行評審政策

Manuscripts are initially screened by the editorial office for relevance, originality, academic quality, ethical compliance, language, and technical completeness.

稿件首先由編輯部就主題相關性、原創性、學術品質、倫理合規、語言及技術完整性進行初步審查。

Manuscripts that pass the initial screening are normally evaluated by independent specialists with relevant subject expertise.

通過初步審查之稿件，通常將送交具有相關專業能力之獨立學者評審。

Reviewers assess originality, theoretical and methodological quality, use of evidence, engagement with relevant literature, clarity of argument, and contribution to the field.

審查人將評估稿件之原創性、理論與方法品質、證據運用、相關文獻掌握、論證清晰度及對學術領域之貢獻。

12. Reviewer Responsibilities · 審查人責任

Reviewers must evaluate manuscripts objectively, respectfully, and within the agreed period. Personal criticism of authors is inappropriate.

審查人應以客觀、尊重及專業之方式，在約定期限內完成評審，不得對作者作出人身批評。

Reviewers must disclose any conflict of interest and decline the review where impartial evaluation cannot reasonably be ensured.

審查人必須揭露任何利益衝突；如無法合理確保公正評審，應拒絕接受審查任務。

Unpublished information obtained through peer review must not be used for personal research, professional advantage, financial benefit, or the disadvantage of another person.

審查過程中取得之未出版資訊，不得用於個人研究、專業利益、財務利益，或對他人造成不利影響。

13. Confidentiality · 保密政策

Submitted manuscripts, reviewer reports, editorial correspondence, author responses, and unpublished research materials are confidential documents.

投稿稿件、審查報告、編輯通信、作者回覆及未出版研究材料均屬保密文件。

Editors and reviewers must not share, reproduce, distribute, quote, discuss, or use confidential manuscript content without authorization.

編輯及審查人未經授權，不得分享、複製、散布、引用、討論或使用稿件中之保密內容。

14. Artificial Intelligence Policy · 人工智慧政策

The journal recognizes that artificial intelligence technologies may support limited aspects of academic writing and editorial preparation. However, their use must never replace human scholarly judgment, authorial responsibility, methodological transparency, or research integrity.

本刊承認人工智慧技術可在學術寫作及編輯準備之部分環節提供有限協助。然而，人工智慧不得取代人類學術判斷、作者責任、方法透明度及研究誠信。

14.1 AI Cannot Be an Author · 人工智慧不得列為作者

Artificial intelligence systems, language models, chatbots, and automated tools cannot be listed as authors or co-authors. Authorship requires the ability to approve the final manuscript, disclose conflicts of interest, hold copyright, respond to questions, and accept legal and ethical responsibility.

人工智慧系統、語言模型、聊天機器人及自動化工具不得列為作者或共同作者。作者必須能夠核准最終稿件、揭露利益衝突、持有著作權、回應相關問題，並承擔法律及倫理責任；人工智慧無法履行上述責任。

14.2 Permitted Limited Uses · 允許之有限用途

AI-assisted tools may be used cautiously for limited supporting purposes such as:

人工智慧輔助工具得在審慎情況下用於以下有限之支援性用途：

• Grammar and spelling correction · 文法與拼字修正
• Language polishing and improvement of readability · 語言潤飾及可讀性改善
• Technical formatting assistance · 技術格式協助
• Translation assistance, subject to complete human verification · 翻譯協助，但須經人工完整核實
• Organization of author-created notes or materials · 整理作者自行建立之筆記或材料
• Search-term development for literature searches · 協助建立文獻檢索關鍵詞

Even when AI is used only for language assistance, authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, meaning, argument, tone, and integrity of the final text.

即使人工智慧僅用於語言協助，作者仍須對最終文本之準確性、原創性、意義、論證、語氣及完整性承擔全部責任。

14.3 Mandatory AI Disclosure · 強制揭露人工智慧之使用

Authors must disclose any substantial use of generative AI or AI-assisted technologies in the preparation of a manuscript. The disclosure should identify the tool, version where known, purpose of use, and the parts of the work in which it was used.

作者在稿件準備過程中如實質使用生成式人工智慧或人工智慧輔助技術，必須予以揭露。揭露內容應包括工具名稱、已知版本、使用目的及使用於稿件之具體部分。

The disclosure should normally appear in the manuscript under a heading such as “Declaration of Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies.”

此項揭露通常應以「生成式人工智慧與人工智慧輔助技術使用聲明」等標題列於稿件中。

Recommended disclosure wording · 建議聲明格式：

During the preparation of this manuscript, the author(s) used [name and version of tool] for [specific purpose]. The author(s) subsequently reviewed, verified, and edited the resulting material and accept full responsibility for the content of the publication.

本稿件準備期間，作者使用［工具名稱及版本］進行［具體用途］。作者其後已對相關內容進行審閱、核實及修改，並對出版內容承擔全部責任。

14.4 Prohibited Uses of AI · 禁止之人工智慧用途

Artificial intelligence must not be used to:

人工智慧不得用於：

• Generate an entire manuscript without substantial human scholarly authorship and verification · 在缺乏實質人類學術撰寫及核實之情況下生成整篇論文
• Invent, alter, or falsify research data, evidence, interviews, archival sources, or findings · 捏造、修改或偽造研究資料、證據、訪談、檔案來源或研究結果
• Create fabricated citations, references, quotations, page numbers, DOI identifiers, or bibliographic records · 製造虛假引文、參考文獻、引語、頁碼、DOI 或書目紀錄
• Generate false descriptions of research methods or analyses that were not actually conducted · 生成實際上未執行之研究方法或分析的虛假描述
• Paraphrase copied material for the purpose of concealing plagiarism · 為掩飾抄襲而改寫複製內容
• Manipulate images, historical documents, figures, or research records in a misleading manner · 以誤導方式處理圖片、歷史文件、圖表或研究紀錄
• Generate false reviewer reports, ethical approvals, consent records, declarations, or correspondence · 生成虛假審查報告、倫理核准、同意紀錄、聲明或通信
• Impersonate authors, reviewers, editors, participants, or other individuals · 冒充作者、審查人、編輯、研究參與者或其他人士
• Hide the substantive use of AI from the editors and readers · 向編輯及讀者隱瞞人工智慧之實質使用

14.5 Verification of AI-Generated Information · 人工智慧生成資訊之核實

AI-generated output may contain factual errors, fabricated references, inaccurate quotations, distorted translations, biased interpretations, and misleading summaries. Authors must independently verify every AI-assisted claim against reliable primary or scholarly sources.

人工智慧生成內容可能包含事實錯誤、虛構文獻、不準確引文、錯誤翻譯、偏頗詮釋及誤導性摘要。作者必須依據可靠的一手資料或學術來源，獨立核實所有由人工智慧協助產生之主張。

Authors must personally consult every source included in the reference list. References suggested by an AI system must not be cited unless their existence, accuracy, relevance, and content have been verified.

作者必須親自查閱參考文獻表中所列之每項來源。人工智慧所建議之文獻，在其存在、準確性、相關性及內容未經核實前，不得引用。

14.6 AI-Generated Images and Research Data · 人工智慧生成圖像與研究資料

AI-generated or AI-manipulated images must not be presented as authentic research evidence, historical documentation, fieldwork material, experimental output, or original archival content.

人工智慧生成或處理之圖像，不得被呈現為真實研究證據、歷史文件、田野調查材料、實驗結果或原始檔案內容。

Generative AI must not be used to fabricate datasets, survey responses, interview transcripts, participant statements, statistical results, or qualitative evidence.

生成式人工智慧不得用於捏造資料集、問卷回答、訪談逐字稿、研究參與者陳述、統計結果或質性證據。

Legitimate computational research involving AI must describe the model, version, input data, parameters, procedures, limitations, and validation methods in sufficient detail to permit scholarly evaluation.
以人工智慧為正式研究方法之研究，必須充分說明模型、版本、輸入資料、參數、程序、限制及驗證方法，以供學術評估。

14.7 Confidentiality and AI Systems · 保密資料與人工智慧系統

Authors must not upload confidential interviews, identifiable personal data, unpublished archival materials, copyrighted documents, private correspondence, or restricted research data to public or external AI systems without appropriate permission and safeguards.

未經適當許可及保護措施，作者不得將機密訪談、可識別個人資料、未出版檔案、受著作權保護之文件、私人通信或受限制研究資料上傳至公開或外部人工智慧系統。

Authors are responsible for understanding the data-retention, reuse, and privacy conditions of any AI service they employ.

作者有責任了解其所使用人工智慧服務之資料保存、再利用及隱私條款。

14.8 Use of AI by Reviewers · 審查人使用人工智慧

Reviewers must not upload submitted manuscripts, figures, supplementary files, author responses, or confidential editorial correspondence to public generative AI systems.

審查人不得將投稿稿件、圖片、補充文件、作者回覆或機密編輯通信上傳至公開之生成式人工智慧系統。

Peer-review reports must reflect the reviewer’s own expert assessment. AI must not replace the reviewer’s reading, critical evaluation, or professional judgment.

同行評審報告必須反映審查人本身之專業判斷。人工智慧不得取代審查人對稿件之閱讀、批判性評估及專業決定。

Reviewers remain fully responsible for the accuracy, fairness, confidentiality, and integrity of their reports.
審查人須對其評審報告之準確性、公平性、保密性及完整性承擔全部責任。

14.9 Use of AI by Editors · 編輯使用人工智慧

Editors must not upload confidential manuscripts or peer-review materials to external AI systems that do not provide adequate confidentiality and data-protection guarantees.

編輯不得將機密稿件或同行評審材料上傳至無法提供充分保密及資料保護保障之外部人工智慧系統。

Artificial intelligence must not make autonomous decisions regarding acceptance, rejection, reviewer selection, allegations of misconduct, or retraction.

人工智慧不得對稿件接受、退稿、審查人選擇、學術不當行為指控或撤稿作出自主決定。

Final editorial responsibility must always remain with identifiable human editors.
最終編輯責任必須始終由具有明確身分之人類編輯承擔。

14.10 Undisclosed or Improper AI Use · 未揭露或不當使用人工智慧

If undisclosed, misleading, or unethical AI use is suspected, the journal may request the original data, research notes, source materials, drafting history, AI-use records, or a detailed explanation from the authors.

如懷疑存在未揭露、具誤導性或不符合倫理之人工智慧使用，本刊得要求作者提供原始資料、研究筆記、來源材料、稿件撰寫紀錄、人工智慧使用紀錄或詳細說明。

Depending on the seriousness of the matter, the journal may suspend review, reject the manuscript, withdraw acceptance, publish a correction, issue an expression of concern, retract the article, or notify the authors’ institutions.

本刊得依問題之嚴重程度，暫停審查、退稿、撤銷錄用、發布更正或關切聲明、撤回論文，或通知作者所屬機構。

15. Research Data and Documentation · 研究資料與文件

Authors should retain original data, research notes, interview records, coding procedures, archival references, and other supporting materials for a reasonable period after publication.

作者應於論文出版後之合理期間內，妥善保存原始資料、研究筆記、訪談紀錄、編碼程序、檔案來源及其他支持材料。

The journal may request supporting documentation where questions arise regarding accuracy, reproducibility, authorship, ethics, or research integrity.

如對研究準確性、可驗證性、作者資格、倫理或研究誠信產生疑問，本刊得要求作者提供相關支持文件。

16. Citation Ethics · 引用倫理

Citations must be relevant, accurate, and based on sources actually consulted by the authors. Authors must not include references solely to increase citation counts or satisfy improper requests.

引用必須具有相關性、準確性，且應以作者實際查閱之來源為基礎。作者不得僅為增加引用次數或滿足不當要求而列入參考文獻。

Editors and reviewers must not require authors to cite their own work, the journal, or unrelated publications unless the requested citation is academically necessary.

除非在學術上確有必要，編輯及審查人不得要求作者引用其個人著作、本刊文章或與研究無關之出版物。

17. Complaints and Appeals · 申訴與異議

Authors may submit a reasoned appeal when they believe an editorial decision resulted from a significant factual misunderstanding, procedural error, or demonstrably inappropriate review.

作者如認為編輯決定源於重大事實誤解、程序錯誤或明顯不當之評審，可提出附具理由之申訴。

An appeal must address the specific grounds of the decision and provide scholarly evidence. Disagreement with the outcome alone does not constitute sufficient grounds for reconsideration.

申訴應針對決定之具體理由提出學術證據。僅因不同意評審結果，並不足以構成重新審議之理由。

18. Corrections, Retractions, and Expressions of Concern · 更正、撤稿與關切聲明

Errors that do not invalidate the central findings may be addressed through a formal correction. Serious errors or misconduct that render findings unreliable may require retraction.

不影響核心研究結論之錯誤，可透過正式更正處理。若重大錯誤或學術不當行為導致研究結果不再可靠，則可能需要撤稿。

An expression of concern may be issued while a serious matter is under investigation and reliable conclusions are not yet available.

如重大問題正在調查中，且尚無法得出可靠結論，本刊得先行發布關切聲明。

19. Allegations of Misconduct · 學術不當行為指控

Allegations of plagiarism, data fabrication, falsification, unethical research, authorship abuse, peer-review manipulation, citation manipulation, or undisclosed AI use will be examined carefully and impartially.

對抄襲、資料捏造、資料竄改、不符合倫理之研究、作者資格濫用、同行評審操縱、引文操縱或未揭露之人工智慧使用等指控，本刊將進行審慎且公正之調查。

The person raising a concern should provide specific information and available evidence. The journal will protect confidentiality where reasonably possible but cannot guarantee anonymity in every legal or institutional context.

提出疑慮者應提供具體資訊及可得證據。本刊將在合理可行範圍內保護其身分，但在所有法律或機構程序中無法保證絕對匿名。

20. Advertising, Sponsorship, and Commercial Influence · 廣告、贊助與商業影響

Advertising, sponsorship, institutional support, publication fees, or other commercial arrangements must not influence editorial decisions or peer-review outcomes.

廣告、贊助、機構支持、出版費用或其他商業安排，不得影響編輯決定或同行評審結果。

Editorial content and commercial activities must remain clearly separated.
編輯內容與商業活動必須保持明確區分。

21. Fees and Editorial Decisions · 費用與編輯決定

Where publication or processing fees apply, information about such charges must be communicated transparently. Payment must never guarantee acceptance or favourable peer review.

如本刊收取出版費或處理費，相關資訊必須透明公開。任何付款均不得保證稿件獲得接受或取得有利之評審結果。

Editorial evaluation must be completed independently of the author’s ability or inability to pay.
編輯評估必須獨立於作者是否具有支付能力。

22. Special Issues and Guest Editors · 專題專號與客座編輯

Special issues and thematic sections are subject to the same academic, ethical, peer-review, and editorial standards as regular issues.

專題專號及主題專區適用與一般期號相同之學術、倫理、同行評審及編輯標準。

Guest editors must disclose conflicts of interest and must not make decisions on manuscripts where impartiality may reasonably be questioned.

客座編輯必須揭露利益衝突，且不得對其公正性可能受到合理質疑之稿件作出決定。

23. Archiving and Digital Preservation · 數位典藏與長期保存

The journal seeks to preserve published scholarly content through appropriate institutional, bibliographic, and digital archiving arrangements.

本刊致力於透過適當之機構、書目及數位典藏安排，長期保存已出版之學術內容。

Necessary bibliographic corrections may be made to maintain accurate metadata, discoverability, accessibility, and the integrity of the scholarly record.
為維持書目資料之準確性、可發現性、可存取性及學術紀錄之完整性，本刊得進行必要之書目資料更正。

24. Policy Updates · 政策更新

The journal may revise these policies in response to developments in scholarly publishing, research ethics, technology, legal requirements, and international editorial standards.

本刊得因應學術出版、研究倫理、科技發展、法律要求及國際編輯標準之變化，修訂本政策。

The version published on the journal’s official website represents the current policy applicable to new submissions.
刊載於本刊官方網站之版本，為適用於新投稿稿件之現行政策。